The Muckrakers
By the 1900s there were hundreds of thousands of European immigrants living in the United States. They had arrived in the U.S. because many new jobs were being created by industrialization. But these workers were paid abysmally low wages, their working conditions were deplorable, and they often lived in slums.
At the same time, the owners of the companies lived in luxurious homes and their lifestyles were lavish. Not surprisingly, tensions developed between the classes.
Seeing the great injustice, magazine writers began to write articles on the terrible conditions of the immigrants. In the process they uncovered major corporate and political corruption, which in part had been blocking the reforms.
Of course, the journalists who exposed these injustices weren't popular with business or political leaders. This not only made their jobs harder (magazines obviously depend on advertising), but it even made their work dangerous.
President Theodore Roosevelt coined the term muckraker to express his dislike for this form of journalism - a term that could be considered an insult or a compliment, depending on which side you were.
Other muckraking articles exposed the unsanitary conditions in Chicago's meat packing houses; the corrupt and illegal business practices of John D. Rockefeller and the widespread corruption in the labor unions.
Magazines wrote about the tens of thousands of workers that were injured or made ill by the working conditions, and the many woman who had to turn to prostitution just to feed their families.
So early magazines emerged as a major, even if controversial, force in society and found a solid place with the working class.
adapted from cybercollege.com
A: Hundreds of Asian immigrants lived in the US by the 1900s.
B: The workers were well-paid.
C: The owners of the companies had a lot of money.
D: Magazine writers risked losing their jobs.
E: JFK coined the term muckraker.
F: Sinclair wrote about the unsanitary conditions in New York's meat packing houses.
G: There was widespread corruption in the labour unions.
H: Newspapers wrote about the tens of thousands of workers that were injured or made ill by the working conditions.
I: Early magazines were a weak force.
J: The early magazines were read by the working class.