Grammar: Past perfect; Past perfect vs past simple p. 59

Watch the video to revise the rule and then do the exercise. Complete the sentences with the past perfect of the verbs in brackets. Use the contracted negative form.

1 As soon as I got home, I noticed that someone ________ (leave) the front door open.
2 Lisa suddenly remembered that she ________ (not lock) her car.
3 Mrs Simms ________ (already / receive) a second blackmail letter when she went to the police.
4 By the age of 25, Tom Newman ________ (murder) two people.
5 The second time burglars broke into his home, they found he ________ (put) in an alarm system.
6 I ________ (not hear) about the Great Train Robbery before now.
7 The kidnappers freed the child as soon as his family ________ (pay) the money.
8 The plane ________ (not take off) yet when the hijackers took control of it.

Watch the video to revise the rule and then do the exercise. Complete the sentences with the past perfect of the verbs in brackets.
1 ' ________ (Luisa / learn) German when she moved to Berlin?' 'Yes, she ________.'
2 ' ________ (suspect / hide) the gun before the police arrived?' 'No, he ________.'
3 ' ________ (vandals / run away) when the headmaster came out into the playground.' 'Yes, they ________.'
4 ' ________ (anyone / notice) some items were missing when the shoplifter was caught?' 'No, they ________.'
5 ' ________ (she / know) her PC was exposed before the hacker broke into it?' 'Yes, she ________.'

The past perfect is often called 'earlier past' because it defines actions that happened or finished before another past event. Look at the timelines and complete the sentences with the past simple or the past perfect. Use the contracted negative form.

0 I had already studied for the test when I went to bed.
1 The film ________ when Tim ________ the cinema.
2 When I ________ to pay, my wallet ________ from my bag.
3 We ________ to Finland before we ________ there last year.
4 Classes ________ when Sarah ________ her smartphone was missing.
5 Luckily, when the house alarm ________, the robbers ________ anything.
6 The drug dealers ________ by the time the police ________ the crime scene.

Look at the picture and choose the correct alternative.
1 Before the police ________, the thief ________ the stolen painting.
2 The safe ________ as soon as the robbers ________ the code.
3 Sarah ________ the door safely when she ________ a man outside her house.
4 A few minutes after the lights ________ out, Will ________ a terrible scream.
5 Tina gasped with terror when she ________ the forest; it was the first time she ________ in such a scary place.
6 ________ seen a shoplifter in action before you ________ this morning?